吸痰的并发症及其预防的研究进展

The progress of the complications and prevention of sputum suction

吸痰是临床上常用又重要的护理操作，有效的吸痰可及时清除呼吸道分泌物，维持气道通畅，改善肺泡的通气和换气功能，纠正低氧血症，最终改善组织代谢。临床上对吸痰时机的选择、吸痰程序及负压的选择、吸痰管的选择、吸痰时间的掌握等不当，常会引起低氧血症、肺不张、气道损伤、感染等并发症。本文对这些并发症预防提出了各种解决方法，并对吸痰的并发症及其预防的研究进展做一综述。

Sputum suction is a common and important nursing manipulation in clinic, effective sputum suction could timely remove respiratory secretion and maintain airway unobstructed, improve alveolar ventilation and air exchange function, correct hypoxemia and improve organization metabolism finally. In clinic, the imperti- nent timing of sputum - aspirating and sputum - aspirating process, selection of negative pressure and sputum aspirating tubes, mastering time of sputum suction could 1 usually lead to complications of hypoxemia, atelectasis, airway trauma and infections. Aiming at preventing the complications, many medical staff proposes many solutions measures. The paper summarize the research progress of preventing the complications of sputum suction.