摘要
为了掌握小麦温光敏核雄性不育系雄性败育发生的时期和类型,为两系法利用小麦杂种优势提供依据,用涂抹压片法观察了其减数分裂和小孢子发育过程。结果表明,在低温短日照条件下,在叶枕距-5 cm左右、幼穗长5 cm左右、孕穗前5-10d的时段处于花粉母细胞形成期,发育正常;叶枕距-2-1 cm、幼穗长8 cm左右、孕穗前4-5d到孕穗当天的时段处于减数分裂期,减数分裂行为基本正常,能形成正常的四分体;叶枕距5 cm左右、穗长9 cm左右、孕穗后到抽穗前的时段处于小孢子发育期,小孢子能发育到单核靠边期,但此后就发育停滞,细胞质和核物质逐渐解体,不能被苏木精或碘液染色,出现败育;发生败育的高峰在小孢子单核晚期,败育花粉的主要类型是圆败型。而在高温长日照条件下,减数分裂和小孢子发育过程与常规对照品系相同,能形成正常可育的三核花粉粒。
To understanding sterile period and type in the thermo/photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) wheat to promote heterosis utilization by two-line system, the meiosis and microspore development process was observed by using smear and squash techniques in this paper. The results were as following: When the TGMS wheat line was grew under lower temperature and shorter photoperiod conditions, the space of flag leaf cushion was about -5cm and spike length 5cm, the pollen mother cell (PMC), developed normally, was being formation before booting stage ranging from 10d to 5d. When the space of flag leaf cushion ranged from -2cm to lcm with spike length about 8cm, the development was generally normal just at the PMC meiosis stage from earlier 5d to booting stage, and the normal tetrads could be observed. From booting stage to heading stage with the space of flag leaf cushion 5cm and spike length 9cm, the microspores could regularly develop to the later mononucleate microspore stage, after that, the development was inhibited, and the substance of the cytoplasm and the nucleolus disintegrated gradually, the pollen was sterile and could not be dyed by iron sulfate-hematoxylin or iodide solution. The abortion sharply appeared at the mononueleate of microsporogenesis, and the sterile pollens mainly belonged to spherical-abortion type, that was, pollen present round type but could not filled with amylum and then was undyed. However, both the meiotic process and the development of microspores were normal in the TGMS wheat growing under higher temperature and longer photoperiod conditions, tri-nuclear pollens could be formed just as the conventional wheat.
出处
《植物遗传资源学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第3期411-418,共8页
Journal of Plant Genetic Resources
基金
重庆市"十一五"科技攻关项目(CSTC2007AC1038)
西南大学博士基金项目(99945-932001)