牙科可切削陶瓷材料国内临床应用及研究进展

Domestic Clinical Application and Research Development of Dental Machinable Ceramics Materials

伴随着CAD/CAM技术引入到口腔医学领域中来,打破了人们传统手工制作义齿的方式,同时也给材料学领域带来了新的生机,对以往所用材料也带来了新的挑战。用于口腔中的可切削材料不仅要求其要有良好的生物相容性,而且还要求具有良好的机械加工性能,其中陶瓷以其生物相容性好、材料性能接近牙齿、美学效果好等优点最为突出。而现应用于临床中的可切削陶瓷材料,从抗弯强度低的长石类可切削材料发展到抗弯强度高的氧化锆类可切削材料,逐步实现了从嵌体、前牙单冠到后牙固定桥修复体的制作。本文综述了近年来国内学者对这些材料的应用和研究现状及各自特点。

The concept of computer-aided design/computer aided manufacturing （CAD/CAM） was first mentioned decades years ago in the field of dentistry. Using this technology to make dental restorations has been wide recently and developed rapidly in prosthodontics and oral implantology. Until now there are several commercial CAD/CAM systems on market. With the use of CAD/CAM technology in dentistry, it has broken the traditional pattern of making dentures manually. Meanwhile, it brings opportunity for materials science. The machinable/milled materials in dentistry should not only have excellent biocompatibility, but also machining and physical properties. Among the materials, ceramics has excellent characteristics on its biocompatibility, aesthetics, physical properties closed to natural teeth. Nowadays, in clinic, machinable ceramics are used from fledspar which has low flexural strength to high flexural strength zirconia, which have gradually realized making restoration automatically from inlay, anterior single crown to posterior fixed bridge. In this article it provides the overview of the machinable ceramic materials now used in domestic clinic for CAD/CAM in dentistry.