我国传疟蚊媒研究：过去与现在

The mosquito vectors of malaria transmission in China： past and present

该文对人类疟疾传播的认识发展作了历史回顾，从过去的“瘴气”、按蚊即媒介以及现今专门的按蚊媒介判定，经历了100多年。对我国1926--1958年间的疟疾媒介概念、媒介蚊种记录及其错误等作了评述。辨别传疟媒介是疟疾防制中的重要研究课题，阻断传播才会是有效的控制措施，正确认定不同疟区的媒介，可以获得清晰的蚊媒靶标。目前，媒介判定中使用的技术如蚊种鉴定、蚊虫血源鉴定以及子孢子自然感染率等，鉴定检测的结果不稳定、效率低，必须研究选用优质、高效的新型技术来取代，为媒介判定提供稳定、可靠的基础资料。鉴定重要疟疾媒介复合体蚊种是一个困难的问题，分子检测方法如聚合酶链反应（PCR）可用于重要蚊种样本鉴定校正和标准化。从发展当前疟疾防制角度，对媒介判定中需要的新检测技术提出了建议。

This paper presented a historical review for development of the conceptions of human malaria transmission, from ＂bad air＂ or so-called ＂changchi＂ in China, anopheline mosquitoes equaled the meaning vectors and then to the special anopheline vectors, determination through the past one hundred years. The ideas of malaria vector, the vector species and mistakes record in China during the years of 1926-1958 were discussed briefly. The discrimination of malaria vectors is an important research programme for malaria control, only if the vectors be confirmed rightly in different local malaria endemic area, the clear mosquito vector target could be determined, and stopping transmission could be an efficient control activity. Now, the old routine detection techniques were still in use for vector determination such as identification of mosquito species, the source of the mosquito blood meals, and natural sporozoite rate. However, the results suggested that those methods are unstable and of low efficiency, therefore the new qualified efficient techniques must be developed to provide the stable and reliable data for analysis. The species identification of important malaria vectors relating to mosquito complex is a troublesome problem. The molecular detection methods such as polymerase chain reaction （PCR） can be used for correction and standardization of the results of mosquito species identification among the important samples. As the view focused on the development of the malaria control, some new detection techniques in vector determination were proposed for use.