基于生态文明的区域发展新模式与新路径

A New Regional Development Model and Approach Based on Ecological Civilization

生态文明是一种依靠自然、利用自然而又特别注意保护自然的一种新文明形态,是对原始文明、农业文明和工业文明的超越,具有独立性、整体性、相对性、反思性和过程性等特征。基于生态文明的区域发展是立足于区域复合生态系统良性运行和优化、着眼于区域核心竞争力培育的区域发展模式。上海崇明生态岛的建设实践表明,由社会和谐、经济发展、环境友好、生态健康、管理科学等5个专题领域,以及社会进步、产业模式、经济绩效、资源效率、环境质量、生态风险、管理能力、公众参与和社会安全等15个评价主题以及人均社会发展财政支出、有机产品生产率、单位GDP能耗、COD排放量、新能源使用比例、湿地保有率、生命线完好率等24个核心指标组成的指标体系对于指导生态区域的建设具有重要的现实意义和理论价值。作为上海市欠发达地区,崇明生态岛建设面临着更好地保护其特色优势水资源、生态资源,优先发展环境友好型的清洁能源技术、生物工程技术,提高土地等资源利用效率,发展基于现代科技的生态旅游、循环经济,重构生态社区文化和生活方式等艰巨任务。崇明生态岛建设不仅解决了上海欠发达地区经济对外依存度高这一"老大难"问题,而且还将为新时期其他落后地区的发展提供可资借鉴的新区域发展模式,为推进我国生态文明建设、打破城乡二元结构、实现城乡一体化发展作出新贡献。

Ecological civilization is a new form of civilization dependent on nature while using and protecting it, a kind of transcendence of primitive civilization, agricultural civilization and industrial civilization, which has such characteristics as independence, wholeness, relativity, retrospection and evolution. Regional development based on ecological civilization relies on the favorable and optimal operation of the regional ecosystem as a whole and aims to construct a regional model with its core com- petitiveness. The case of Chongming Ecological Island indicates that the regional development model based on eco-civilization embodies five focuses： harmonious society, economic development, favorable environment, healthy ecology as well as scientific management, and 15 evaluation criteria and 24 core indicators. This indicator system has much theoretical and practical significance for our eco-regional construction. As an underdeveloped region in Shanghai, Chongming Ecological Island urgently needs to protect its typical resources, gives priority to the development of environment-friendly clean energy and bio-engineering techniques, makes best use of the land resources, develops ecotourism and circular economy, and reconstructs the ecological community culture and life. The case of Chongming Ecological Island can shed light on other underdeveloped areas for quickening ecological civilization and brings fresh air to the reorganization of the urban-rural dualistic structure and the improvement of the urban-rural integration.