黑龙江红旗泡水库冰生长过程现场观测数据的剖析

The Analysis of the Field Observation Data of Fresh Ice Growing Process in Hongqipao Reservoir of Heilongjiang

为了认识水库冰生长过程和冰对水库护坡的影响,于2008年12月中旬至2009年4月中旬在黑龙江红旗泡水库进行了冰面基本气象要素及冰内和水内温度测量、冰生长过程测量以及冰物理性质的观测,获得了水库淡水冰表面总辐射、反射、气温以及冰内晶体、气泡、密度、温度和冰厚度、水温等系列数据,并综合分析了每10 m in自动记录的气象水文要素和冰生长数据。分析结果表明:近冰面冰温同冰面总辐射呈现相同的变化趋势,但每日近表面冰温与气温比值峰值发生时间比辐射峰值发生时间滞后1.4 h;积雪影响冰厚度在水库内的一致性,但总体满足热力学生长规律;冰下水温在冰融化期间快速升高。

To understand the ice growing and its influence on the slope protection of a reservoir, the measurements of meterological elements on the ice surface and the temperatures of inner ice and water, the survey of ice growing process and the observation of ice physical behaviors were carried out in Hongqipao reservoir of Heilongjiang from the second decade of Dec. 2008 to the second decade of April, 2009, whereby such series of data as total radiation over fresh water ice surface, reflection from ice surface, air temperature, ice inner crystal structures, air bubbles, ice density, air temperature and ice thickness and water temperature, etc. have been obtained. Also, the comprehensive analysis is made of the automatically-recorded metero-hydrological data and ice growing data at an interval of every 10 min. The analytical results indicate that the ice temperature near the ice surface appears to have the same changing trend as the total radiation over the ice surface, but the occurrence time of the peak value of the ratio between the daily surface ice temperature and air temperature is 1.4 h delay as against that of the radiation peak value ; accumulated snow can affect the uniformity of ice thickness within the reservoir, but satisfy the thermodynamic growth law; and water temperature under the ice rises fast during the ice thawing period.