植物种群空间分布的点格局分析

ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL POINT PATTERN FOR PLANT SPECIES

植物种群在群落中的分布格局与空间尺度有着密切关系，传统的样方取样及其格局分析方法，只能分析一种尺度下的格局。本文引入一种新的格局分析方法——点格局分析，其是以种群空间分布的坐标点图为基础，通过本文对美国密西根州克林顿县栎林３个优势种格局分析，它有３个明显的优点：１）能够分析各种尺度下的种群格局和种间关系，结果清楚，直观；２）所描述的结果更符合实际，尤其是对群落结构的描述；３）它有利于定点观察，研究时间与种群格局的关系，本文分析的３个种集群特征明显，但随尺度的变化有不同的分布趋势，３个种间的关系也是如此。

The distribution pattern of plant species in communities is closely related to spatial scale. Quadrat sampling and traditional methods only can analyse pattern in one scale. Therefore, it is difficult to reflect species spatial characteristics completely, no matter how rational for quadrat size. Point pattern analysis, based on species spatial mapped points, is introduced in this paper. Three advantages over traditional techniques, emerged in the analysis of three dominant species in oak forests in Clinton county Michigan, USA. Firstly, it can analyse species spatial patterns and interspecific associations at any scale. Secondly, its results are more consistent to the reality, especially for community structure. Thirdly, it is more suitable for study of relationships between species pattern and time scale. The three species analysed in this paper have obvious clumping feature, while they vary with scales.