环境规制的界定、分类与演进研究

Definition,Classification and Evolution of Environmental Regulations

受Chipko运动启发,本文对环境规制的内涵做了重新界定。基于这一界定,将环境规制分为显性环境规制和隐性环境规制,其中,显性环境规制又分为命令控制型环境规制、以市场为基础的激励性环境规制和自愿性环境规制;分析了不同类型环境规制的内涵与特征等,着重提出了隐性环境规制这一全新范畴,并对其涵义、生成与作用模式进行了初步的研究;从规制主体、规制对象、规制成本和效率等方面探讨了不同环境规制间的联系与区别;研究了环境规制的演变过程。本文的意义在于,对政府而言,对隐性环境规制的探索,可能扩大了政府环保策略的选择与运用空间;对企业来说,则打开了长期为人们所忽略的一个"环境规制黑箱",丰富了人们对企业环境决策变量的认识,为改善和优化企业的环境决策提供了理论基础。

Inspired by the Chipko Movement, this article redefines the meaning of environmental regulations; based on this, environmental regulations are divided into dominant and recessive environmental regulations, in which dominant environmental regulations are also divided into command control environmental regulations, market-based incentive environmental regulations and voluntary environmental regulations. The article analyzes the content and the features of different types of environmental regulations, puts forward a new concept---recessive environmental regulations, and makes a preliminary study of its meaning, formation and function-panerns. It also studies the relations and distraction of different environmental regulations from the regulatory main body, regulatory object, regulatory costs and efllciency, etc., and studies the evolution of environmental regulations. The significance of this article lies in that, to government, exploring the recessive environmental regulations may expand the space of government choosing and applying environmental strategies; to enterprises, it opens a ＂black-box of environmental regalations＂ neglected by people for a long term, enriches the people＇ s knowledge in environmental decisionmaking variables, and provides a theoretical basis for improving and optimizing enterprises＇ environmental decision-making.