小黄鱼洄游路线分析

Analysis on migratory routine of Larimichthy polyactis

根据中国大陆10多个主要渔业公司1971-1982年间的小黄鱼(Larimichthy polyactis)捕捞统计资料,从产量分布、鱼群移动和海洋学背景等不同方面,研究了中国沿海小黄鱼的洄游路线,并且给出洄游分布图。结果显示,中国沿海小黄鱼有2个洄游群体。其中,黄渤海群体越冬场在黄海中部36°00′N、123°00′E水域,每年6月进入渤海各海湾、黄海北部沿岸和海州湾产卵。栖息在渤海的小黄鱼9-11月在渤海中部索饵,11月后绕过成山头向越冬场洄游。东黄海群体越冬场的环境均受暖流影响,每年12月至次年2月在济州岛西南、东海中南部海域越冬场越冬。3月,外海小黄鱼经由32°00′N、123°30′-124°30′E的水域向近海产卵洄游,3月下旬进入舟山渔场。在舟山渔场,这部分鱼群与从东海中南部近海北上的产卵群体汇合,部分就地产卵,部分北上于4月进入吕泗渔场。5-6月,产卵后小黄鱼成鱼和稚幼鱼群体集中在舟山渔场、长江口渔场和吕泗渔场禁渔线外侧,7-9月进入大沙渔场索饵。10月以后,索饵场的小黄鱼大部分游向外海的越冬场,小部分南下回到东海中南部近海的越冬场。小黄鱼产卵洄游和越冬洄游路线并不相同。另外,在东海中南部近海越冬群体,部分就近游向沿岸的海湾,河口产卵,产卵后在产卵场外侧索饵,冬季回到就近的越冬场。

This paper reviewed the migration of the Larimicht polyactis in Chinese coastal waters based on catch data,fish group movement and oceanographical background.We referred to the statistic results from over 10 major fishery companies from 1971 to 1982 and the study after 1965.The results showed that there are two migratory groups in the investigation area.The Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea groups overwintered near waters of 36°00″N,123°00″E in winter,then migrated towards the Bohai gulfs,Haiyang Island,Yalv estuary and Haizhou Gulf for spawning.After spawning,they feed in the middle of Bohai Sea from August to October,and then migrated again across the Chengshantou towards to the wintering ground in the Yellow Sea again.Another one is Yellow Sea and East China Sea（ECS）group,and its main wintering grounds,influenced by warm currents,were located at west of Juje,as well as mid and mid-southern of ECS.Their spawning migration past firstly through the waters of 32.00°N,123.3°to 124.3°E）in the middle of ECS towards to Zhoushan Fishing Ground,where they merged with another spawning group northwards from the southern nearshore,and then the mixed group spawned in Zhoushan partly.Another part moved to Estuary of Yangtze River and Lvsi Fish Ground to spawn.After spawning,fish groups continuously moved to Dasha Fishing Ground for feeding.After October,majority fishes in group migrated eastward back to wintering ground in offshore,some others move southwards via out side of forbidden fishing line to the mid-southern wintering ground in nearshore.Routine of spawning migration and wintering migration was different ways.In addition,apart from above major migration and spawning group,there were part groups from the outside of forbidden fishing line to coastal spawning ground in near.They migrated spawning to the closest islands,estuary and gulf then returning to where they left for feeding and wintering.