青海省牧草育种研究进展

Research progress of forage plant breeding in Qinghai

青海境内有草地3644.94万hm2,畜牧业是当地经济的主体,也是我国三大河流长江、黄河、澜沧江的涵养源。但长期受多种自然和人为因素影响,草地环境受到严重破坏,草原生产力大幅下降。多年来,为解决青海草地畜牧业生产中饲草种植、天然草地改良及栽培草地建设缺乏适宜草种这一问题,青海草原工作者进行了大量牧草品种选育及驯化研究,通过长年对牧草种质资源的收集及大量引种及当地野生草种的驯化试验,培育了一些适应当地种植的牧草品种,现有14种被国家牧草品种审定委员会登记为牧草新品种。文章回顾了青海省牧草种质资源利用及育种研究工作历史,介绍了牧草育种工作取得的成就及工作现状,并针对目前存在的问题提出了建议。

There are 36,449,400 hm^2 rangeland in Qinghai Province, China. These rangeland is not only the major source .of local economy, but also the source of three famous rivers-- Yangze river, Yellow river and Lanchangjiang river. Nowadays, the rangeland is encountering immense environmental problems and the productivity decreased due to long term effects of climate and human being. In order to solve the shortage of forage, or improve natural rangeland and to establish sown grassland, the local researchers have been collecting and breeding of forage species. Up to now, 14 forage species have been registered after the approval of the National Forage Examination and Approval Committee. This paper reviewed the history and achievements of researchers in the area of the utilization and breeding of forage germplasm resource in Qinghai province. Meanwhile, the situation of forage breeding was introduced. Finally, some suggestions were put forward that is helpful to present work.