农村孝道衰落的根源及对策研究

The root of rural filial piety decline and its solution

中国传统孝道的维系主要靠家庭权力机制、伦理道德机制、官方惩罚机制三个机制,本质上是一种压迫型体制,建立在孝道工具化基础上的家庭文化成了当今孝道衰落的根源。传统孝道成了父母控制家庭和子女的工具,掌握家庭权力者在家庭中任意发号施令,不讲平等与尊重就成了一种布迪厄所说的惯习,成了人们根深蒂固的意识。由于文化系统一般都具有很高程度的连续性,使得长期以来我国家庭中长大的孩子缺少人性教育,其孝道不是建立在发自内心的愿望基础之上。孝道的工具化和家庭的奴化教育,使得孩子缺乏理性精神,结果,子女在掌握家庭权力后又走向不孝。必须将平等意识、协商精神、参与意识和权利意识引入家庭,将父母对子女尊重、民主平等作为亲子关系的基本准则,形成新的家庭文化。只有这样,才能形成新的孝道,子女(媳)才会真心尊重父母及长辈。

Combining the research of Guo Yuhua,Chen Bofeng,Yan Yunxiang and He Xue Feng with our own investigation,we found that traditional Chinese filial piety was a compressive system in nature,depending mainly on the three mechanisms of family power mechanism,ethical mechanism,and official punishment mechanism.This family culture based on the instrument-oriented filial piety has become the root of filial piety decline.Traditional filial piety became a parental control tool for family and children,and the lack of equality and respect had become a habit as Bourdieu describes.As a result,children tended to go to the other extreme after seizing the family power:showing no filial piety.Therefore,it is necessary to introduce into the family the sense of equality,the consciousness of right and participation,and to build new family culture on the basis of an equal and respectful relationship between parents and children.Only in this way can children love and respect their parents and can a new form of filial piety be established.