妊娠期糖尿病发病机制的相关基因

Related Genes in Pathogenesis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)指在妊娠过程中首次出现或发现的任何程度的糖耐量异常。其病因及发病机制目前尚不完全清楚。既往研究表明:GDM可能是一组多基因遗传所致的异质性疾病,其发病机制涉及到糖代谢机制的每一个环节,相关基因可能包括葡萄糖激酶基因,肝细胞核因子基因,胰岛素受体底物基因多态性等。

Gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM） is defined as glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. The pathogenesis of the disease is still largely unknown. GDM is a polygenic disease, being considered to result from interaction between genetic and environmental risk factors. Any abnormalities of steps or phases of glycometabolism may result in gestational diabetes. Common variants in several candidate genes （e. g. Glucokinase, Hepatocyte nuclear factor-lalpha, Insulin receptor substrate gene）have been demonstrated to increase the risk of GDM. This review focuses on the genetics of GDM.