安徽省马铃薯稻草覆盖栽培模式研究

Research on Straw Mulching Mode of Potato in Anhui Province

[目的]为获得安徽地区最佳马铃薯稻草覆盖栽培模式和播种期,提高马铃薯种植效益、促进稻草秸秆还田。[方法]2009年以品种费乌瑞它为材料开展春马铃薯不同稻草覆盖模式和播种期对比试验,对出苗期、成苗率、产量、大中薯率和稻草还田率等综合性状进行调查分析。[结果]在各个小区中,出苗最早的均是稻草+地膜覆盖模式的处理。4月1日测量时处理2马铃薯植株高度仅为9.25cm,而处理1稻草覆盖植株高度为13.25 cm,稻草+地膜覆盖植株高度为16.50cm。4个不同播种时期,均以稻草+地膜覆盖模式马铃薯产量和大中薯率最高。稻草+土覆盖模式稻草秸秆还田效果最好。[结论]江淮地区在2月2日前后采用稻草+土覆盖进行马铃薯栽培较为合适,具有高产、省工节本、稻草还田效果好等优点。

[Objective]The research aimed to obtain the best potato planting model of straw mulching and sowing time, to improve potato planting efficiency as well as to promote the return of straw into field in Anhui area. [ Method ] In the spring experiment of 2009, potato variety Favorita was used to compare the effects of straw mulching in different patterns and sowing time. And then seedling stage, seedling rate, yield and the rate of large and medium - sized potato of Favorita variety were analyzed. [ Result ] In each experimental plot, all treatments with earli- est seeding stage were in ＂straw ＋ mulching film＂ cultivation mode. The height of potato plants of treatment 2 investigated in April 1 was 9.25 cm, and that of treatment 1 in ＂straw ＂ and ＂straw ＋ mulching film ＂ cultivation mode were 13.25,16.50 cm respectively. The yield and large and medium - sized potato of ＂straw ＋ mulching film ＂ cultivation mode of four different sowing dates were all highest in all modes. ＂Straw ＋ soil＂ cultivation mode had the best effects of straw return into field. [ Conclusion] It was suggested that plangting potato in ＂straw ＋ soil＂ cultivation mode was most appropriated. It had several advantages such as high yield and saving labor, straw decomposed completely and returned field well.