控释肥料与平衡施肥和提高肥料利用率

ICREASING FERTLIZER USE EFFICIENCY BY MEANS OF CONTROLLED RELEASE FERTILIZER (CRF) PRODUCTION ACCORDING TO THEORY AND TECHNIQUES OF BALANCED FERTILIZATION

肥料及施肥仍然是我国目前农业生产的重要因素。化肥对农作物增产作用占30％～40％，化肥支出约占农民全部生产性支出的50％。但是肥料利用率还较低，N约为30％～35％，P约为10％～20％，K约为35％～50％。可见，如何提高肥料利用率对农业生产和我国经济发展具有极其重大的意义。能够有效地提高肥料利用率的措施可能是，生产包容平衡施肥原理与技术的科学施肥的技术载体一控释肥料，实现作物生产期养分促释和缓释的双向调控;形成了使平衡施肥原理与技术产业化，并通过控释肥料的施用使平衡施肥原理和技术自然而然地被农民掌握和实施的完整思路。

Fertilizer and fertilization are Still two important factors affecting agricultural production in China at present. The contribution of inorganic fertilizer to the production is about 30% to 40%, and the payment of the fertilizer consist of about 50% of the total investment of the farmers. However, the fertilizer use efficiency(FUE) is low, accounting for 30% to 35%, 10% to 20%, and 35% to 59% for N, P and K, respectively. It is clearly that how to rise the FUE is of great significance to the development of economy and agriculture in China. Our investigation results prove that the possible and efficient way to increase the FUE is to produce CRF, which will be the carrier of the balanced fertilization theory. The nutrients supplying rate (slow and fast release) can be controlled by use of the CRF.The balanced fertilization theory will be easily applied by farmers for they need only to use the carrier, meanwhile the theory and technique of balanced fertilization will be put forward to industrialization.