摘要
本文综述凝聚态物理学中的量子相变和量子临界现象,首先考察了相变中存在量子效应的可能性,通过横磁场Ising模型介绍了量子相变的基本特征;接下来对照热临界现象,引入了量子标度和量子重正化的基本概念和操作方式;然后利用量子临界现象的方案,分析了密度驱动、无序驱动和关联驱动的金属-绝缘体相变;继续利用量子临界性的概念探讨如重电子化合物、铜氧化物和巡游铁磁体这类复杂的相互作用多粒子系统;最后选择量子点、碳纳米管和单层石墨为例,介绍了量子临界性在低维和纳米系统研究中的作用。
In this paper we review the quantum phase transitions and quantum critical phenomena in condensed-matter physics. Firstly, we consider the possibility of quantum effects in phase transitions, and introduce the basic characteristics in quantum phase transitions via the Ising model;next,in contrast to the thermal critical phenomena, the fundamental concepts and operation method of quantum scaling and renormalization are introduced;afterwards, by the scheme of quantum critical scaling,we analyze the density-driven,disorder-driven and correlation-driven metal-insulator transitions; in the next stage, we investigate complex interacting many-particle systems by quantum criticality; finally, taking quantum dots,carbon nanotubes and graphene as examples,we analyze the role of quantum criticality in the low- dimensional and nano-size systems.
出处
《物理学进展》
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第4期325-351,共27页
Progress In Physics
基金
国家自然科学基金(批准号:10424401
10674058
60876065)
国家重大基础研究计划(批准号:2006CB921803
2009CB929504)的资助
关键词
量子相变
量子临界性
标度
重正化
金属-绝缘体相变
关联电子系统
quantum phase transitions
quantum criticality
scaling
renormalization
metal-insulator transitions
correlated electron systems