试述语文教科书的语言规范问题——以鲁迅作品为例

Discussion on the Issue of Language Specification of Chinese Language Textbook——Taking Lu Xun’s Works as An Example

语言文字规范是语文教科书的基本要求。为了适合教学的需要，编者在编选时，对作品进行适当加工，这是编写语文教科书的惯例。当然，这也有例外。比如，对毛泽东和鲁迅的作品，编者是无权修改的。鲁迅是公认的语言大师，他为现代文学创造了独具魅力的白话语言。鲁迅作品一直是中学语文教科书的重要内容，鲁迅作品在新的中学语文教材中的变化，主要表现在选文倾向上有所改变及篇目上有所调整两个方面，但选编的数量并未减少。用今天的语言规范标准来看，鲁迅作品中确实也有某些“不规范”现象，应用历史唯物主义的观点看待这个问题，不能要求鲁迅写作时必须遵守今天的语言文字规范标准，否则，将会犯“以今律古”的错误。教师在教学中应当向学生指明这一点，并且要讲清这是特定时期的语言现象，不必在这些方面学习和模仿。

Language specification is the basic requirement for language textbooks. In order to fit the needs of teaching, editors often work for appropriate processing, which is a custom in compiling the language textbooks. Of course, there are exceptions, such as Mao Zedong＇s and Lu Xun＇s works, to which nobody have right to make changes. Lu Xun is a recognized language master, who created unique charm of modem literature o{ the vernacular language. Lu Xun＇s works have always been an important aspect in the Chinese language textbooks for secondary schools. The changes of Lu Xun＇s works schools are mainly manifested in the change of contents t diminishing of the number. By today＇s language specifica in the new Chinese language textbooks for secondary endency and adjustment of the table of contents, not in tion standards, there is also ＂irregular language＂ in Lu Xun＇s works, which should be viewed in historical materialism. Lu Xun＇s writing must not be required to comply with normative standards of today＇s spoken and written language. Teachers should indicate it and make clear this is a linguistic phenomenon in a specific period, which is not need for student to study and imitate.