4～6岁幼儿相似性判断与类别判断的知识效应

THE KNOWLEDGE EFFECT OF SIMILARITY JUDGMENT AND CATEGORIZATION JUDGMENT OF 4-6 YEAR OLD CHILDREN

采用类别知识的分类学习模式,选取72名4～6岁幼儿作为被试,对相似性判断和类别判断的知识效应进行实验研究。结果表明:(1)相似性判断和类别判断存在知识效应。(2)相似性判断的知识效应存在显著的年龄差异,类别判断的知识效应不存在显著的年龄差异;5岁是知识学习对幼儿相似性判断产生影响的关键时期。(3)相似性判断知识效应的性别差异不显著,类别判断知识效应的性别差异极其显著,男孩更倾向于依据学习概念所强调的属性进行类别判断。

Using the categorizing learning pattern of sort knowledge,72 children from 4 years old to 6 years old were selected randomly as subjects. The experiment is designed to research on the knowledge effect of the similarity judgment and the categorization judgment by using between-group design. The results are as follow, for 4 years old to 6 years old children： （1） The category learning can influence the similarity judgment and the categorization judgment. （2） Results showed there is significant difference for the knowledge effect of similarity judgment be- tween the different age children from 4 years old to 6 years old. There is no significant difference for the knowledge effect of categorization judgment between the different age children from 4 years old to 6 years old. 5-year-old is the best time for children to learn similarity judgment. （3） There is no significant difference for the knowledge effect of similarity judgment between the different sex, There is significant difference for the knowledge effect of categorization judgment between the different sex, the boys can receive the concept of mimicry much better than girls, and they can also make categorization operation depending more on the superficial features emphasized by the concept of mimicry.