地面类型和玩具对生长猪生长和日常行为的影响

Effects of Floor Type and Toys on Performance and Daily Behavior in Growing Pigs

试验选用平均体重为26.22 kg的生长母猪(大白♂×长白♀)432头,随机等分成冷地面、冷地面+玩具、加热地面、加热地面+玩具4个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复18头猪,饲于1栏,试验期为35 d。试验期间记录试猪的采食量、皮肤损伤得分和圈栏污染情况,并对猪的行为进行录像。结果表明:与冷地面组相比,加热地面组平均日增重显著升高(P=0.01),料肉比极显著降低(P<0.01);玩具能够显著降低猪的平均日采食量(P<0.05),但是地面和玩具的互作对猪的生产性能没有显著影响(P>0.05)。加热地面组相比冷地面组能够显著降低圈栏污染面积所占比例(P<0.05)和躯体皮肤损伤程度(P=0.01),加热地面组猪的蹄部损伤也有降低的趋势(P>0.05);玩具对圈栏污染面积所占比例和猪体表损伤的影响均不显著(P>0.05)。加热地面与冷地面相比,显著减少试验全期猪的采食行为(P=0.01)、攻击行为(P=0.02)和挤聚行为(P<0.01)的发生频率,极显著增加试验全期猪的饮水行为发生频率(P<0.01)。玩具显著减少了猪的圈友操纵行为发生频率(P=0.04),并且地面和玩具的交互作用达到显著水平(P=0.03)。本试验得出,加热地面可以提高猪的生产性能,减少圈栏污染面积和皮肤损伤,改善猪的行为;加热地面和玩具都可以减少猪的应激,改善动物福利。

Four hundreds and thirty-two White X Landrace female growing pigs with initial weight of 26.22±1.17kg were randomly allotted to investigate the effect of floor type （with or without） and toys （not provided or provided） on the performance and welfare of growing pigs for 35 days. The results showed that, warm floor significantly increased ADG （P=0.01） and decreased F/G （P 〈0.01） compared to cold floor,and toys significantly decreased ADFI （P=0.03）, but no interaction between floor type and toys was shown on performance （ P . 0.05 ）. The percentage of pollution area in pens （ P 〈0.05） and body skin lesion scores （P=0.01） were significantly decreased in the warm floor group compared with those in the cold floor group. In addition, hoof lesions showed degressive trend in warm floor group （P= 0.10）, and the percentage of pollution in pens and body skin lesion scores had no significant differences be- tween the conditions with or without toys. Warm floor significantly decreased the frequency of eating behavior （P=0.01） , aggression behavior （P=0.02） and huddling behavior （P 〈0.01）, and significantly increased the frequency of drinking behavior （P 〈0.01）. Toys significantly decreased the frequency of manipulatingpenmate behavior （P=- 0. 04）. In conclusion, warm floor could enhance the performance, decrease body lesions, improve cleanliness of pens and daily behavior. On the whole, warm floor and toys could reduce the stress and improve the welfare in the pigs.