时空数据模型的研究现状与展望

A Review on Current and Future Studies on Spatio-Temporal Data Models

分析了时空表达与建模理论的5个发展阶段:基于静态数据模型扩展、面向对象表达、基于对象变化(事件序列)、时空集成和以过程为核心的时空数据模型;阐述了时空数据模型在时空动态语义、地理时空认知表达和地球信息科学解决的基本问题方面的研究现状,并指出由于现有时空数据模型主要以地理实体存在状态的"对象视图"或"事件视图"(而不是演变特性的"过程视图")作为表达载体,割裂了其内在联系,无法实现复杂地理实体的时空语义描述和动态过程分析。最后,提出以地理实体演变为核心的时空语义描述方法和融入地理对象、变化机制、对象变化的时空动态表达将是时空表达与建模理论的发展趋势。

Theories of spatio-temporal representation and modeling are systematically analyzed and reviewed, which developed five stages with expansion based on static data models, object-oriented ones, based on object changes or event sequences ones, space-time integrated ones, and process-cored ones. Research status on spatio-temporal dynamic semantics, representation types of geographical entities, and scientific issues in geoinformatic domains are discussed, then the shortcomings are pointed out. Since the ＂view-objected＂ or ＂view-evented＂ with the snapshot, instead of the ＂view-processed＂ with the properties of evolution, is taken as representation, the intrinsic characteristics of dynamic entities are split. Therefore, it is not easy to carry out the spatiotemporal dynamic semantics description and dynamic functions operations of complex geographical entities. In the end, the describing methods of dynamic semantics which take the geographical evolution as a core, and the dynamic representing framework which brings into geographical objects, change mechanisms, and object changes, are presented, which are future studies of the spatio-temporal representation and modeling. Then the main researches on dynamic semantics, representation framework and integration mechanisms are discussed.