采用RAPD分子标记、表型和杂种优势聚类分析法对玉米自交系类群的划分

Compared Study of Molecular Marker with Two Normal Methods for Maize Inbred Lines Grouping

以１５个我国生产上常用的玉米自交系为试验材料，采用表型性状、杂种优势和ＲＡＰＤ分子标记三种聚类分析方法对玉米自交系的组群划分进行了比较研究。结果表明，表型聚类因以表型性状为依据，受环境影响较大，其聚类结果与实际系谱来源出入较大。与表型性状聚类相比，杂种优势聚类与已知系谱来源更接近。ＲＡＰＤ分子标记，具有标记性状数量较多，不受生长发育时期限制和环境影响，无功能性表型效应，无上位及多效作用等诸多优点，其聚类结果与已知系谱符合率较高。

Three methods of cluster analysis based on phenotype characters,heterosis,and RAPD's molecular markers,were compared in terms of methodology of heterosis grouping with 15 inbred lines used dominantly in commercial hybrid maize production in China.The analysis of phenotype cluster influenced by environment remarkably did not fit with the pedigree of the 15 entries.The heterosis cluster fitted better with the pedigree.RAPD's cluster fitted best with the pedigree for this method is based on plenty of molecular markers without functional phenotypic and multiple effects and epistasis,which are not influenced by growing and development stages and environment.RAPD's cluster is a reliable approach to distinguish the heterosis groups for inbred lines.