对中国当代史定义、分期、主线问题的再思考

Reconsiderations over the Definition,Periodization and Thread of Contemporary China History

中国当代史的定义、分期和主线,是当代史学科建设中比较重要的三个问题,也是目前学界分歧较多的问题。在这几个问题上的反复思考,深入探讨,不断完善认识,对于构建当代史的学科体系具有重要意义。中国当代史从学科意义上说,完全是中国现代史,但不完全是中华人民共和国史,完全不是中共党史。对迄今为止的中国当代史进行分期,只要是从历史本身的逻辑出发,各种意见都可以也应当平等讨论。但为了更大程度地体现当代史的特点,从经济社会发展目标模式的角度划分历史时期较为妥当。对历史主线的概念有着不同的理解,如果从历史发展主体的基本动因这个意义上理解,贯穿当代史的主线至少应有三条,即探索中国自己的建设社会主义道路,争取早日实现中国的工业化、现代化,维护中国的国家安全、主权独立和领土完整。

The definition,periodization and thread of the contemporary history are three important issues in the disciplinary construction of contemporary history and also three issues on which there are great differences of opinion.In terms of discipline,contemporary China history is completely modern China history,not completely the PRC history and by no means the history of the CPC.With regard to the periodization of contemporary China history up to now,all ideas can and should be discussed on equal footing as long as they start from the logic of history itself.However,in order to highlight the characteristics of contemporary history in a greater degree,it is more appropriate to divide the historical periods in the perspective of the goal model of economic and social development.There are different understandings of the concept of historical thread;if we understand the historical thread in the light of the subjective motive force of historical development,there are at least three threads running through the contemporary history:exploring China's own road of socialist construction,striving for early realization of industrialization and modernization in China,and safeguarding China's national security,sovereign independence and territorial integrity.