文学伦理学批评:基本理论与术语

Ethical Literary Criticism: Its Fundaments and Terms

文学伦理学批评是一种从伦理的立场解读、分析和阐释文学作品、研究作家以及与文学有关问题的研究方法,它认为文学是特定历史阶段伦理观念和道德生活的独特表达形式,文学在本质上是伦理的艺术。文学不是语言的艺术而是文本的艺术。文学不是一种意识形态或审美意识形态,而是一种借助文本存在的物质形态。教诲是文学的本质属性,审美是为文学的教诲功能服务的,是文学的第二功能。文学伦理学批评就从本质上阐释文学的伦理特性,从伦理的视角解释文学中描写的不同生活现象及其存在的道德原因,并对其作出价值判断,伦理、乱伦、伦理禁忌、伦理蒙昧、伦理意识、伦理环境、伦理身份、伦理选择等,都是文学伦理学批评的核心术语。

Ethical literary criticism is a research method to read, analyze and interpret literary works, to study literary authors and literary problems from perspective of ethics. The basic thought of this method is that literature is the art of ethics in nature as it is the special expressions of ethical ideas and moral life in a particular historical period. Literature is not art of languages but of text consisting of characters. It is not ideology or aesthetic ideology, but material form existing by literal text. Teaching or instruction is the essential attribute and first function of literature, but aesthetic appreciation is the second which serves the first. By use of terms such as ethics, incest, ethical taboo, ethical chaos, ethical consciousness, ethical situation, ethical identity, ethical choice, etc. , the ethical literary criticism explains and comments the different life with its moral features from ethical perspective.