我国青少年近视现患率及相关因素分析

Analysis of correlative factors and prevalence on China＇s youth myopia

目的了解和阐述我国中小学生视力变化情况，为探索预防青少年近视提供对策和建议。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法，于2008年5月至2009年9月分别在山东、青海、云南、上海和温州随机抽取农村与城市的90所学校，包括重点、非重点小学、初中、高中生共20000人（每省4000人），小学生11246人，初中生3673人，高中生4220人，其中来自市区学生为11177人，乡村学生7962人，年龄6—19岁，男女比例基本相同。进行近视及相关情况调查，共收回有效问卷19139份。采用SPSS13．0软件进行统计学分析，不同地区、不同年级近视患病率比较采用Х^2检验，并采用Logistic回归分析影响近视患病的主要危险因素。结果本次调查显示，小学生近视患病率为13．7％；初中生近视患病率为42．9％，高中生近视患病率为69．7％。小学生山东近视患病率最高为19．7％，青海最低为11．9％，上海、温州和云南相近；初中生温州近视患病率最高达50．6％，其次是上海，为47．2％，青海最低为33．6％；高中生山东近视患病率最高，达87．3％，其次是温州为72．0％，上海最低为60．2％。结论本次调查显示，我国中小学生近视患病率沿海地区比内地高，发达地区比欠发达地区高，高原紫外线强烈地区与平原地区相近；各省市近视患病率从小学到高中不断增高趋势一致。

Objective To understand and address our vision changes in primary and secondary students, in order to explore the prevention of juvenile myopia to provide a response and suggestions. Methods A random cluster sampling method, random sample of 90 rural and urban schools in Shandong, Qinghai, Yunnan, Shanghai and Wenzhou from May 2008 to September 2009, including 20 000 students （per province, 4000 × 5 ） from elementary school and junior high school of focus and non-focus, primary 11 246, junior high school students 3673, high school 4220, of which 11 177 were from the urban students, rural students in 7962, aged 6 to 19 years old, male to female ratio is basically the same. For myopia and related survey, a total of 19,139 valid questionnaires were recovered. Using SPSS 13.0 software statistical analysis, different regions and different grades was used to compare the prevalence of myopia Х^2 test, using Logistic regression analysis on the major risk factors for myopia. Results The survey are as follows, the prevalence of myopia in primary was 13.7% ; the prevalence of myopia in junior high was 42. 9% , the prevalence of myopia in high school was 69. 7%. The highest rate of myopia prevalence of primary school students in Shandong was 19. 7%, the lowest was 11.9% in Qinghai, Shanghai, Wenzhou and Yunnan are similar; prevalence myopia of junior high in Wenzhou up to 50. 6%, followed by Shanghai, and 47. 2%, the lowest was 33.6% in Qinghai; the highest prevalence of myopia and high school students in Shandong, reaching 87.3%, followed by 72.0% in Wenzhou, and the lowest was 60.2% in Shanghai. Conclusion This survey shows that the prevalence of myopia of China＇s primary and secondary schools in coastal was higher than areas of mainland, in developed regions was higher than in less developed regions, and the plateau region and the strong ultraviolet light similar to the plain areas. Provincial prevalence of myopia increased from primary to high school continued the same trend.