世界肥料使用的现状与前景

PRESENT SITUATION AND PROSPECTS FOR THE WORLD'S FERTILIZER USE

自1997以来（除1990～1993年外），世界肥料使用量逐年增加。近20年来，在氮磷总消耗量中尿素和磷酸铵的比例显著增加，单质磷肥和氮磷钾复合肥比例在下降。在使用的肥料品种方面各国有其特点。近年来发达国家的氮磷钾比例（N:P2O5:K2O）已调整至1:0.42:0.42。由于发展中国家的磷、钾特别是钾的比例低，世界的比例为1:0.39:0.26。1995/1996年，世界生产肥料最多的两个国家是美国和中国，两国生产量很接近（分别占世界肥料总生产量的17.9％和17.5％），但中国的氮、磷消耗量分别是美国的212％和216％，而用钾量只有美国的63％。至2001／02年，预测世界肥料的年平均增长率为2.9％。中国、南亚和拉丁美州国家的增长量约占世界总增长量的71％。世界氮、磷、钾肥的生产量能满足今后的需求，并且还有不同程度的剩余。

Since 1971(excluding years 1990～1993),the fertilizer consumption in the world has risen year after year. Over the past 20 years, the proportipn of urea and ammonium phosphate in the total consumption of nitrogen and phosphate has increased significantly, while the proportion of straight phosphate fertilizer and the NPK compound fertilizer decreased. There are different characteristcs of fertilizer types used in different countries. In recent years, the ratio of N:P2O5:K2O in the developed countrles has been adjusted to 1:0. 42:0. 42, whereas in the developing countries it is 1:0. 39:0. 26 due to the extremely low level of phosphate and, especially potassium. In 1995/ 1996, the USA and China produced the largest quantity of fertilizer in the world, both having a close output of fertilizer(17. 9% and 17. 5%,respectively, of the world's total fetrtilizer production). But the nitrogen and phosphorus consumption in China is 212% and 216%, respectively, of that of the USA. while the consumption of potassium is only 63% of that the USA. It is estimated that in 2001-2002 the annual growth rate of chemical fertilizers in the worid would be 2. 9%. The increase in fertilizer production in China and in the South Asian and Latin American countries will account for about 71% of the world's total increase. The world's output of nitrogen, phosphate and potash fertilizers will meet the future needs, and there may be surplus of varylng degree.