少数民族农村妇女流动对婚育的影响——以广西融水为例

The Influence of the Shifting Population of the Rural Minority Women on their Marriage and Reproduction:A Case Study of Rongshui in Guangxi

随着社会迅速发展,少数民族农村妇女流动已成为普遍现象。在深入广西少数民族地区开展实地调研的基础上,充分了解各地少数民族妇女的流动状况,并直接参与到少数民族的日常生活中,运用问卷调查和定性研究的方法,考察少数民族女性流动的方式、流入地、从事劳动的类别,重点运用社会性别理论分析流动在微观层面上对婚姻、生育和家庭的影响。研究结果表明:随着流动而出现的三个悖论,由于妇女外流,使得村落传统文化衰退;妇女外嫁,导致本地大龄男性成婚难;妇女外出务工增多,造成妇女社会地位既高又低的矛盾复合体。并提出在国家公共改革中要充分体现性别意识;尊重少数民族文化,发挥民族文化的优势;加强培训,提高少数民族妇女有更多自由选择的机会,才能促进其更合理流动的相关建议。

With the fast social development, the shifting population of the rural minority women in China has become a common phenomenon. Based on a field study in the minority area of Guangxi, this research focuses on the shifting population of the rural minority women and analyzes the influence of the shifting population of the rural minority women on their marriage, family and reproduction with the help of questionnaire survey and qualitative statistics from the perspective of gender theory. The research concludes that this shifting population has produced three antinomies as follows： The traditional village culture is on the decline; the local marriageable male population faces a more difficult situation; the working female population faces a changing social position. The research finally brings up the following suggestion： The national and public reform should take the gender consciousness into consideration, respect and develop the minority cultures, and help train these women to make better choices and rational population shift.