关于“后启蒙”时期现代文学研究的思考--以“巴金与五四新文学传统”为主题的研究〈是否可能/如何可能〉

A Reflection on the Studies of "Post-Enlightenment" Modern Literature——On the Themed Research of "BA Jin and the May Fourth New Literature Tradition" 〈Possible or Not/How Possible〉

当下中国现代文学的研究已从20世纪70年代以前附属于政治意识形态的"研究"和80年代启蒙话语影响下展开的"研究"之双重覆盖下走出来,进入新的阶段,在过去"研究"中存在的偏向和缺席也逐渐被自觉,成为克服/填补的对象了。这一情况也可能将巴金研究推至新的阶段。其中最重要的研究姿势是,将所有的问题从先入为主的固定观念中解放出来,重新加以审视,尤其是对于权力、意识形态、政治等"非文学"概念的冷静对象化至关重要。这些概念或多或少带有时代语境的支配而形成其"负面"意象。一旦脱离如此时代性和特定语境的支配时,我们就可以知道对于这些"非文学"概念的漠视甚至于无视只能导致"文学"本身的贫瘠;如果不把这些"非文学"的概念从"文学"里一概地加以排除,关于文学研究方法、视角的可能性就会增大。如此研究姿势,在某种意义上,就意味着从80年代启蒙话语的偏离。今后巴金研究的起点,也可以放在如此认识上。

This paper focuses on the theoretical premises for the study of Ba Jin.The author argues that the current studies on Chinese modern literature has broken through the double confines,of which one refers to the ＂study＂ dominated by political ideology in the 1970s,and the other to the ＂study＂ influenced by the enlightenment discourse in the 1980s.The deviations and absences in the past ＂study＂ have been gradually recognized and have become the objects for rectification and enrichment.Hence,the study of Ba Jin will be able to reach a new level.In addition,the author also holds that the most important is to set all the research issues free from any subjective bias or stereotype and reexamine them,especially in terms of the objectification of some ＂non-literary＂ concepts such as power,ideology and ＂politics＂,since they may have,more or less,context-imposed ＂negative＂ images.Once such constraints are removed,we will be able to understand that the neglect of these ＂non-literary＂ concepts can only lead to the poverty of ＂literature＂ itself.If these concepts are not excluded totally from ＂literature＂,the possibilities for literary research methods and perspectives will be greater.In a sense,such a research premise indicates the deviation from the enlightenment discourse in the 1980s.It also can be seen as a new starting point for the study of Ba Jin.