温敏雄不育小麦C49S不育性表达研究

Preliminary Studies on the Expression of Sterility of Thermo Sensitive Male Sterile Wheat C49S

通过连续两年对温敏雄不育小麦Ｃ４９Ｓ的分期播种试验发现，早播（低温）的ⅠＣ４９Ｓ（第一播期Ｃ４９Ｓ）减数分型过程中有１７．９％的细胞发生异常，当小孢子从四分体释放后，大量细胞收缩变形，而使变异率急剧提高，以后小孢子的内含物逐渐解体，最终成为败育花粉，ⅠＣ４９Ｓ的花粉育性和结实率均很低。在ⅠＣ４９Ｓ小孢子败育过程中花药蛋白质含量低，被认为可能与花粉不育有关。而晚播（高温）的ⅥＣ４９Ｓ（第六播期Ｃ４９Ｓ）花粉发育基本正常，结实率较高。以Ｃ４９Ｓ为母本配的８个Ｆ１杂种结实率不同，最高达８０．５％，最低的仅１６．７％，表明不同基因型对Ｃ４９Ｓ不育性表达影响不同。

C49S is a thermo sensitive male sterile wheat material.Stage sowing experiment on C49S in field for two years showed that 17.9% cells were abnormal in the meiosis of pollen mother cells of Ⅰ C49S(C49S of first sowing date).When microspores were released from tetrad,a large number of cells contracted and deformative variation rate rose quickly,then cytoplasm and nuleus gradually disintegrated and eventually became abortive pollen grains.The pollen fertility and seed setting rate of ⅠC49S were very low.During the aborting of Ⅰ C49S pollen,the protein content of the anther was very low.This was possibly relative to pollen abortion.Pollen formation of Ⅵ C49S was quite normal and seed setting rate was high.When C49S was used as female,seed setting rates of its 8 F 1 hybrids were different.The highest was 80.5%,the lowest was 16.7%.It was suggested that genotypes influence the expression of sterility in C49S.