1960年代中后期的美国“黑人权力”运动及其影响

The American Black Power Movement and Its Impact in the late 1960s

1960年代中后期,学生非暴力协调委员会认识到黑人问题的根源在于美国的权力体制,因而提出"黑人权力"主张。"黑人权力"强调黑人必须掌控自己的事务,重新分配政治和经济权力,但受到权力机构的污蔑,遭到体制化民权领袖的批判,被视为"反向种族主义",煽动了城市骚乱。本文认为,"黑人权力"重视黑人的群体权利,颠覆白人文化对黑人的偏见论述,重塑黑人形象,强调黑人文化和传统的价值,肯定其对美国社会的重要性和与白人文化的平等。它对美国从种族主义社会转变为多元文化主义社会作出了重要贡献。

The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee(SNCC)had advocated 'Black Power' since it recognized that the Black problem stemmed from the existing American political power system in the late 1960s.'Black Power' laid emphasis on the need of the blacks to control their own community and on the redistribution of political and economic power.It was widely regarded as 'reverse discrimination' and of being guilty of inciting urban riots due to both the slander of the authorities and the criticism of civil rights leaders who had been institutionalized.In this paper the author argues that 'Black Power' stressed African American rights,subverted the prejudiced exposition of black culture given by white society,reshaped the image of the black,emphasized black culture and traditional values,recognized its importance within American society and helped achieve equality with the white culture.The 'Black Power' movement played a significant role in the American social transformation from racism to multiculturalism.