三峡库区土地利用/土地覆被变化研究现状与展望

The Status and Prospect of Land Use/Land Cover Changes in Three Gorges Reservoir Area

三峡库区土地利用/土地覆被研究是三峡库区生态环境变化研究的基础,而三峡库区已成为区域土地利用变化研究的热点。当前的研究印证了三峡工程的建设对土地利用土地覆被产生了一定程度的影响,其中,耕地向建设用地的流转是土地利用变化的主导方向,河流水面的面积增加显著,但相关变化机制因不同时间和地点有所差异;库区近几年的生态环境在总体上呈现恶化趋势,局部地区经治理后有所好转。但现有研究对土地利用/土地覆被的空间格局和变化及其和生态环境的空间变异性的认识不够,未来应加强三峡水库蓄水前后的土地利用/土地覆被变化(LUCC)对比研究,移民安置区土地利用变化的对比与土地生态安全评价研究,以及三峡水库未来土地利用/土地覆被格局与变化的模拟研究,以实现对库区土地利用/土地覆被未来变化发展趋势的预测和调控,并在此基础上进一步阐明库区LUCC与土壤侵蚀、库区水环境、库区利用生态安全、三峡水库可持续利用及全球变化的关系。

Studies of the land use/land cover are the basis to research the changes of ecological environment in Three Gorges reservoir Area. At present the Three Gorges reservoir area has become a regional research hot spot of land-use change. Current research has confinned the construction of the Three Gorges Project which has brought some influence on land use and land cover. The main land use change is the transformation of arable land to construction land, and its surface area of river increases obviously. However, there still lacks of sufficient awareness of spatial pattern and spatial variability of the land use/land cover change and the ecological environment in the Three Gorges reservoir area. More attention should be paid to the comparative study of land use/cover before and after the im- poundment of Three Gorges reservoir, the land use change in comparison with the evaluation of land ecological security in resettlement area, as well as the simulation study of future land use/cover patterns and changes, in order to forecast and control the future trend of land use/land cover change, and on this basis to further clarify the relations among the land use/land cover, soil erosion, reservoir water environment, land use ecological safety, global change and the Three Gorges reservoir sustainable use.