小麦转基因技术研究及其应用

The Progress and Application of Wheat Transformation Technology

近年来植物转基因技术研究迅速发展,大豆、玉米、油菜和棉花等转基因品种已大面积推广应用,取得巨大的经济和社会效益。小麦是世界上主要的粮食作物,自1992年第一株转基因小麦诞生以来,小麦转基因技术发展较快,为开展小麦分子育种奠定了基础。目前,小麦遗传转化主要采用基因枪法和农杆菌介导法,分别占68.8%和15.9%。研究涉及抗病、抗虫、抗逆、品质改良、提高产量等方面,其中研究较多的为抗病(39.7%)和品质改良(25.6%),部分转基因小麦品系已进行环境释放及生产性试验。本文综述了小麦转基因技术的发展和应用现状,讨论了小麦转基因研究存在的主要问题和今后的发展方向。

In recent years, the world witnessed the rapid development of plant transformation technology. Genetically modified cultivars from soybean, maize, oilseed rape, and cotton have been widely grown and provided enormous economic and social benefits. Wheat is one of the major food crops for the world＇s population. Since the first report of wheat transgenic plants in 1992, significant progress has been made in wheat transformation technology that provides a solid foundation for molecular breeding in wheat. Up to date, the particle bombardment and the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation remain to be the two major approaches for wheat transformation, representing 68.8% and 15.9%, respectively, among reported cases. Transgenic wheat have been applied to improve disease and insect resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, quality, and grain yield, with disease resistance （39.7%） and quality improvement （25.6%） as two major areas. In this review, the current research progress in wheat transformation technology and its application status were summarized. The existing problems in wheat transformation were discussed and the development direction in this area was proposed.