灌漠土区吨粮田开发与持续农业建设

Establishing 15 Ton Grain Field and Sustainable Agriculture in Irrigated Desert Soil Region

通过数值分析，认为灌淤土和灌漠土属同一土类，其中的微小差异应在亚类一级来区别。灌漠土占我国国土面积一半以上，在我国农业现代化建设中具有举足轻重的作用和战略地位。灌漠土区建设吨粮田在“气候肥力”、“土壤肥力”和“生态肥力”方面既存在优势又存在劣势。为使灌漠土获得吨粮必须实行持续农业，强化农业生态系统，做到农、林、牧、副、渔全面发展，建立完整的农业生产体系并多层次利用光热资源优势，积极探索具有漠境特色的现代化农业生产技术体系，逐渐形成良性循环的生态结构，实现光肥平衡，形成高产、高效益、生境优化的农业生态系统。绿洲经济的发展关键在于畜牧业比重小、厩肥来源少、土壤肥力得不到提高，不利于持续高产，故应大力发展畜牧业。

This paper analysed some soil parameters by numerical analysis. It was found that irrigated warped soil and irrigated desert soil was the same kind of soil; irrigated desert soil are widely distributed in northern China, which area is more than half of China′s land. The advantages and disadvantages of “climate fertility”, “soil fertility”, “ecological fertility” of constructing “15 ton grain field per hactare” in irrigated desert soil region were discussed. Sustainable agriculture depends on strengthening of ecosystem, developing an all round of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, sideline, and fishery, settig up a complete producing system of agriculture, taking advantage of superiovitey of light heat resoures and utilizing modernized agriculture technique system of possessing desert characteristic is essential to set up a good cycle of ecological structure to achieve the balance between light and soil fertility, and it is helpful to have an agriculture ecosystem with the feature of high yield, high benefit, and fine habitat. The probability of developing agriculture in desert, transfering flood of the Yellow River to the west etc, is discussed as well.