棉花非叶绿色器官光合能力的差异及与物质生产的关系

Photosynthetic Activity and Its Correlation with Matter Production in Non-foliar Green Organs of Cotton

在田间条件下,以3个杂交棉品种(鲁棉研25、石杂2号和新陆早43)和2个常规棉花品种(新陆早13和新陆早33)为试验材料,通过两年试验研究了不同类型品种冠层叶片和非叶绿色器官(苞叶、铃壳和茎秆)的群体光合速率、叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数和光合机构电子传递特性,及其与光合物质生产的关系。结果表明,杂交棉石杂2号和新陆早43非叶绿色器官的群体光合速率显著高于常规棉品种,其中果实(铃壳和苞叶)和茎秆的群体光合速率分别比2个常规棉平均高85.1%和197.6%。叶片的叶绿素含量和实际光化学效率最高,铃壳次之,苞叶和茎秆最小;与常规棉品种相比,杂交棉品种叶片和苞叶的实际光化学效率无显著差异,但铃壳和茎秆的实际光化学效率显著较高;非叶绿色器官光合物质生产能力的提高与其对强光的适应能力和抗光抑制能力关系密切。

In addition to the green leaves,commonly considered as the primary sources of photosynthate production,higher plants can potentially use almost all vegetative and reproductive structures to perform photosynthetic CO2 assimilation. Study on photosynthetic activity of the different green organs is of great significance to develop the potential of photosynthesis of the whole plant. The green organs in cotton （Gossypium hirsutum L.） consist of leaf and non-foliar organs including bract,boll,and stem. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the chlorophyll content,chlorophyll fluorescence,electron transport of photosynthetic apparatus and canopy photosynthesis rate,and the correlation of photosynthetic activity with matter production in different green organs of cotton. Three super high-yielding hybrid cotton cultivars,Lumianyan 25,Xinluzao 43,and Shiza 2,and two traditional cotton cultivars,Xinluzao 13 and Xinluzao 33,were grown with Under-Mulch-Drip irrigation in Xinjiang province. The results revealed that both the chlorophyll content and actual quantum yield of PS II were higher in leaf,followed by boll,bract and stem. Compared to traditional cotton,hybrid cotton cultivars had higher actual quantum yield of PS Ⅱ in boll and stem,whereas no differences were observed on leaf and bract. As expected,higher canopy photosynthesis rate was presented in non-foliar green organs of high-yielding hybrid cotton. Furthermore,there were significant correlations of dry matter production with adaptability of high-light and faster restoration after photoinhibition in non-foliar green organs of high-yielding hybrid cotton.