驱油用耐温抗盐聚合物研究进展

Research progress on heat and salt resistance polymer flooding

聚合物驱油技术是一种经济有效的提高原油采收率的方法,但聚合物在高温下存在热氧降解和水解作用,在高矿化度下存在明显的盐敏效应,使得聚合物水溶液黏度降低,驱油效果变差。在调研国内外新型耐温抗盐聚合物研究现状的基础上,综述了目前研究比较热门的几种耐温抗盐型聚合物,即疏水缔合聚合物、两性聚合物、梳型聚合物、交联共聚物、多元组合共聚物,对耐温抗盐聚合物的分子结构进行了总结,分析了其耐温抗盐的作用机理,指出了在聚合物分子中引入某些功能结构并提高其分子质量,是提高聚合物水溶液黏度及其耐温抗盐性的有效途径。

Polymer flooding technology is a cost-effective method of enhanced oil recovery,however,the polymer exhibits thermal-oxidative degradation and hydrolysis at high temperature and obvious salt-sensitive effect under high salinity,these all lead to reducing the viscosity of polymer solution and worsening flooding effect. This paper investigates the research progress of new types of heat and salt resistance polymers at home and abroad,reviews several popular polymers,i.e. hydrophobic associating polymer,amphoteric polymer,comb polymer,cross-linked copolymers and multi-combination of copolymers,summarizes the molecular structure of polymers,and analyzes the mechanism of heat and salt resistance. It is suggested that an effective method of increasing the viscosity of polymer solution and the performance of heat and salt resistance is to introduce certain functional structure to polymer molecule and to increase its molecular weight.