具身认知:认知心理学的新取向

Embodied Cognition:A New Approach in Cognitive Psychology

具身认知强调身体在认知的实现中发挥着关键作用。其中心含义包括:(1)认知过程的进行方式和步骤实际上是被身体的物理属性所决定的;(2)认知的内容是身体提供的;(3)认知、身体、环境是一体的,认知存在于大脑,大脑存在于身体,身体存在于环境。具身认知最初仅仅是一种哲学思考,有深刻的哲学思想渊源,但是现在这种哲学思考已经开始走向实证领域,实验的认知心理学家开始从具身的角度看待认知,形成了具身认知研究思潮。但是具身认知研究也面临着许多亟待解决的问题。

The embodied cognition approach in cognitive psychology is featured as the emphasis it places on the role the body plays in an organism＇s cognitive processes.Its central meanings include the following claims：（1） steps in a cognitive process might emerge from the physical attributes of the body;（2） it tries to account for the content of cognition by appeal to the nature of the body;（3） cognitive processes or states might be extended into the environment in which the cognition takes place.At first,the study of embodied cognition is only a kinds of philosophical thinking.But now,It has already extended to the experimental study of cognitive psychology.However,there are still some burning problems before it.