原油生物降解模拟实验及其定量化评价

A Biodegradation Experiment of Crude Oils in Laboratory and Quantitative Evaluation

利用筛选到的优势烃降解复合菌(I菌)对大庆油田3口不同油井的油(西5-P10、三元后和G1131-262)进行不同时间的降解实验和全油GC-MS定量分析,探讨饱和烃、芳烃化合物分布情况变化。实验研究表明I菌为高效烃降解菌;相同微生物对此3种不同原油的降解能力存在明显的差异,所以烃污染现场生物修复试验需要根据不同原油性质选择不同的高效降解菌;对于饱和烃和芳烃生物降解的顺序既有对过去结论的验证又提出新的看法。藿烷的降解在重排甾烷之后,萘比菲先开始降解,三甲基萘比三甲基菲更早开始遭受生物降解,三甲基和四甲基萘在深度生物降解后会达到一个平衡,之后的降解速度减慢。当生物降解到一定阶段,抗生物降解能力强的多环芳烃富集会加重对环境的毒害,因此,多环芳烃降解菌或萘、菲降解菌等特效菌是未来烃污染环境修复工作的重点。

In this study,effective hydrocarbon degrading mixed bacteria（I strain） has been obtained by screening,and three kinds of oil（Xi 5-P10,Sanyuanhou,G1131-262） from three different wells respectively in Daqing oilfield have been degraded by experiments with different time intervals.Then GC-MS analysis has been carried out on the oils.The change of the distribution of the saturated hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons of the oil is probed into by quantitative analysis.The results show that strain I is a kind of high-efficient hydrocarbon degrading bacteria;the degradation abilities to the three kinds of crude oil by the same type of bacteria are different significantly,so the field test of hydrocarbon contamination by bioremediation requires different high-efficiency biodegrading bacteria depending on the property of the oil;that not only the past conclusions of the biodegradation orders of saturated hydrocarbons and aromatics biodegradation are verified,but also some new views are put forward.Such as the degradation of hopanoid is after the rearrangement steranes,naphthalene start to degrading earlier than phenanthrene and tri-methylnaphthalene earlier than tri-methyl phenanthrene,tri-methylnaphthalene and tetra-methylnaphthalene achieve a balance after the depth of biodegradable and degradation rate slow down after that.When hydrocarbon is degraded to a certain stage,PAHs of stronger anti-biodegradation is enriched which will increase the toxicity to the environment,so PAH-degrading bacteria or naphthalene,phenanthrene-degrading bacteria or other special effect bacteria will be a key of environment bioremedation.