感恩：概念、测量及其相关研究

Gratitude:Concept,Measurement and Related Studies

感恩可以区分为状态感恩与特质感恩,前者表现为个体在接受某种恩惠时所产生的情绪体验或心境状态,后者表现为体验感恩情绪的心理倾向。感恩的测量工具有两种类型:单因素问卷(如GQ-6)和多因素问卷(如GRAT、感激量表)。作为美德,感恩对个体具有积极心理功能,能提升人的幸福感;对社会具有道德功能,能诱发人的亲社会行为。感恩与幸福感、亲社会行为的关系成为目前感恩研究的主题。未来的研究应进一步探索感恩的结构,阐明感恩的心理效能及其机制,并开展感恩的发展研究。

Gratitude can be divided into state gratitude and trait gratitude. State gratitude refers to an immediate gratitude emotion, or a prolonged mood, and trait gratitude is a tendency to experience gratitude affect. Two types of measures of gratitude have been developed： unidimensional and multidimensional. As a virtue, gratitude has moral functions for society by stimulating prosocial behavior, and positive psychological functions for individuals by promoting individuals well-being. Future studies should be devoted to exploring the structure of trait gratitude, mechanisms of gratitude functions, and development of gratitude.