中俄输油管道(漠河-大庆段)主要冻土环境问题探析

An Investigation into the Permafrost Environment along the Chinese-Russian Oil Pipeline Route from Mohe to Daqing

中俄输油管道(漠河-大庆段)全长约965km,其中穿越不连续多年冻土区约441km.管道穿越中国东北大兴安岭山地丘陵和松嫩平原的北部.沿线地形复杂,冻土类型及分布情况复杂.该区是中国东北主要的寒温带森林、冻土湿地分布地区,冻土生态环境比较脆弱.管道建设将不可避免的影响到沿线植被、冻土、湿地、水资源和野生动植物等生态要素.分析了管道沿线多年冻土区主要的冻土环境特征,工程地质和环境风险问题,并提出了一些建议.由于冻土区管道在商业运行的初期和后期,发生各类泄漏事故的几率较高.因此,中俄输油管道还需准备应急预案和措施.

The Chinese-Russian Oil Pipeline （CROP） from Mohe to Daqing,965 km in length,covering 441 km of discontinuous permafrost in Northeast China,traverses the Da Hinggan Mts. and the north part of Sunhua-Nenjiang Plain. Along the pipeline there is rugged terrain,harsh climate,extensively-distributed but complicated frozen ground. Furthermore,the line passes through the expansive boreal forests,permafrost-affected wetlands in Northeast China,where the permafrost environment is relatively vulnerable. The pipeline construction will inevitably disturb the permafrost,vegetation,wetlands,rivers and the existing condition of wild animals. Therefore,the major features of permafrost environment along CROP are investigated,the major engineering challenges and resultant environmental hazards are identified,and the related mitigation management is also discussed. Since the oil spills have a high risk in the early and late stages of the commercial operation,emergency project and measure should be taken in advance for combating the possible oil spills in the CROP.