灾害的人类学研究述评

The Review on the Anthropological Research on Disasters

本文从理论、研究重点、学术流派和发展趋向等方面对灾害的人类学研究进行了详细梳理和研讨。灾害不仅是一种自然事件,还是一种社会和文化事件。灾害的发生是环境脆弱性和人类群体脆弱性相结合的结果,即生态系统中潜在的破坏性因素与处在较为落后社会经济条件下的人口状况是其产生条件。灾害的人类学研究,内容广泛,形成了多种解释方式及理论流派,核心是对灾害进行文化构建,与其他学科共享研究的问题及调查方法是其总的趋向。

This paper examines and discusses the theory involved,the focus of research,schools of thought and trends of development in the Anthropological research on disasters. Disaster is not only a natural phenomenon but also a social one,and is the result of the conjunction of vulnerability in the natural environment and in social organization,that is,a population affected simultaneously by factors of a potentially destructive ecological environment and certain undeveloped socio-economic conditions leads easily to the disasters. The anthropology of disasters is broad in scope and has developed many modes of explanation and schools of thought,but its core is the cultural construction of disaster,and the general trend at present is to share questions and methods with other disciplines.