刘熙《释名》与汉代文体形态研究

A Study of the Relation between Liu Xi’s Work ‘Shi Ming’ and the Literary Forms in the Han Dynasty

刘熙《释名》共八卷二十七类,其中《释言语》、《释书契》、《释典艺》、《释乐器》四类涉及40余种文体,是汉代人记录和训释文体类别最多的著作。《释名》作为一部训诂词典,着眼现实,大大拓展了汉代文体的著录和训释范围,反映了汉代文体的实存情况和当时的文体观念,即重视应用文体甚于文学文体。《释名》在文体的著录范围、声训方法、解释内容诸方面,都对后世文体论著作如《文心雕龙》等产生过一定影响。从文体史眼光研究《释名》相关材料,有助于理解汉代到魏晋六朝之间文体论承上启下的环节。

Mr. Liu Xi’s work ‘Shi Ming’ (An Explanation of Names) has eight volumes included 27 types of name. Among them, the four types, ‘the Explanation of words’, ‘the explanation of books’, ‘the explanation of classical arts’ and ‘the explanation of music instruments’, concern with more than 40 types of literary forms. So, it is a work recorded and explained the most literary forms in the Han dynasty. ‘Shi Ming’, as a dictionary searching explanation of ancient words, explored a large scope of literary form and explanation, with a realistic view, which reflects the existing circumstances and the concept of literary form at that time, i.e. a view emphasizing the applicable forms rather than literature styles. That’s why ‘Shi Ming’ made an influence on the later works on literary forms, such as ‘Wen Xin Diao Long’ etc. especially in the scope of recording works, the method of explaining meaning according the pronunciation of words, and the content of explanation.