中国肿瘤登记地区2006年肿瘤发病和死亡资料分析

A Report of Cancer Incidence and Mortality from 34 Cancer Registries in China,2006

[目的]分析中国肿瘤登记覆盖地区癌症的发病与死亡水平。[方法]通过对全国49个登记处上报的2006年肿瘤登记数据全面的审核与评价,选取其中34个登记处的数据进行合并,按地级以上城市和县（县级市）划分城市和农村,分别计算发病（死亡）率、年龄别发病（死亡）率、标化发病（死亡）率、构成比、累积发病（死亡）率。[结果]2006年中国肿瘤登记地区纳入分析的34个登记处合计覆盖登记人口59567322人（城市46558108人,农村13009214人）,共报告新发病例163013例,死亡病例104662例,病理诊断比例为65.59%,只有死亡医学证明书比例为1.66%,死亡/发病比为0.64。中国肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤发病率为273.66/10万（男性303.84/10万,女性243.01/10万）,中国人口标化发病率146.52/10万,世界人口标化发病率190.54/10万,累积发病率（0-74岁）为21.99%。全国城市地区发病率为280.17/10万,中国人口标化发病率144.65/10万,世界人口标化发病率187.59/10万;全国农村地区发病率为250.35/10万,中国人口标化发病率156.70/10万,世界人口标化发病率205.20/10万。恶性肿瘤死亡率为175.70/10万（男性217.48/10万,女性133.27/10万）,中国人口标化死亡率87.20/10万,世界人口标化死亡率117.67/10万,累积死亡率（0-74岁）为13.28%。全国城市地区恶性肿瘤死亡率为171.97/10万,中国人口标化死亡率80.69/10万,世界人口标化死亡率109.40/10万;全国农村地区恶性肿瘤死亡率为189.07/10万,中国人口标化死亡率114.95/10万,世界人口标化死亡率152.96/10万。中国肿瘤登记地区无论城市还是农村,恶性肿瘤发病前几位的主要是肺癌、胃癌、结直肠癌、肝癌、食管癌、胰腺癌、脑瘤、淋巴瘤、女性乳腺癌和宫颈癌,占全部恶性肿瘤发病的75%以上。恶性肿瘤死亡前几位的主要是肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、食管癌、结直肠癌、胰腺癌、乳腺癌、脑瘤、白血病和淋巴瘤,占全部恶性肿瘤死亡的80%以上。[结论]肺癌、胃癌、结直肠癌、肝癌、食管癌是威胁我国居民健康的主要恶性肿瘤,为我国今后恶性肿瘤的防控重点。

[ Purpose] To analyze the cancer incidence and mortality of covering areas of cancer registries in China. [Methods] The cancer registry data in 2006 from all 49 cancer registry centers were reviewed, 34 centers＇ data were included in this analysis finally. Cancer registry areas including urban and rural areas, incidence/mortality rates, age-specific incidence/mortality rates, age-standardized incidence/mortality rates, proportions, cumulative incidence/mortality rates were described respectively. [Results] Thirty-four registry centers covered 59 567 322 population （urban 46 558 108, and rural 13 009 214）. The overall cancer incident cases and deaths were 163 013 and 104 662 （death-to-incidence ratio 0.64） respectively with 65.59% cases pathologically proven and only 1.66% death of certification. The cancer incidence of National Cancer Registry areas in China was 273.66/10^5（males 303.84/10^5, females 243.01/10^5）, age-standardized incidence rates of Chinese standard population and of world standard population were 146.52/10^5 and 190.54/10^5 respectively, and the cumulative incidence rate （0-74 years old） was 21.99%. The cancer incidence, age-standardized incidence rates of Chinese standard population and of world standard population were separately 280.17/10^5, 144.65/10^5 and 187.59/10^5 in urban areas, and 250.35/10^5, 156.70/10^5 and 205.20/10^5 in rural areas respectively. The cancer mortality of National Cancer Registry areas was 175.70/10^5 （males 217.48/10^5, females 133.27/10^5）, age-stan-dardized mortality of Chinese standard population and of world standard population were 87.20/10^5 and 117.67/10^5 respectively, and the cumulative incidence rate （0-74 years old） was 13.28%. The cancer mortality, age-standardized mortality of Chinese standard population and of world standard population were separately 171.97/10^5, 80.69/10^5 and 109.40/10^5 in urban areas, and 189.07/10^5, 114.95/10^5 and 152.96/10s in rural areas respectively. Incidence of lung cancer, gastric cancer, colon and rectum cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, pancreas cancer, encephaloma, lymphoma, female breast cancer and cervical cancer, accounted for over 75% of all cancer incidence in both urban and rural areas. Mortality of lung cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, colon and rectum cancer, pancreas cancer, breast cancer, encephaloma, leukemia and lymphoma accounted for over 80% of all cancer deaths. [ Conclusions] Lung cancer, gastric cancer, colon and rectum cancer, liver cancer and esophageal cancer were the major cancers to threaten health in China, national cancer prevention and control program in the future should be stressed on these cancers.