油松嫁接红松关键技术在朝阳市油松低产林改造中的应用研究

Grafting Pinus tabulae formis Carr.onto Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc. for Low-productivity Plantation Improvement in Chaoyang

朝阳市是典型的半干旱半湿润地区,气候特点是十年九旱。由于独特的气候类型使许多树种无法生长,油松以其耐瘠薄、抗旱、抗寒以及根系发达的生物学特性,成为朝阳市山地造林的主要树种。但油松生长缓慢、干形差,易形成"小老树",经济效益不高,社会效益和生态效益不明显。国家和林业部门每年投入大量专项资金进行油松低产林改造。传统方式进行油松低产林改造采取全面截伐,即将长势不良的油松全部伐除,结果还是不明显,为了提高油松低产林的改造效率,我们利用油松根系发达、耐瘠薄、抗旱、抗寒、红松生长快、干形直、经济价值高等优势,以油松为砧木,优良油松苗为接穗,将两者进行嫁接,发挥其各自优势,来改造朝阳地区油松低产林,将会获得难以估量的巨大效益,效果十分明显。

Chaoyang City is a typical semi-arid sub-humid area and many species can not grow well. Pinus tabulae formis Carr.,with its drought resistance,barren tolerance,cold resistance and well-developed root system has become one of main species for afforestation in Chaoyang.Pinus tabulae formis Carr.,however,grows slowly with bad-shaped trunk and is easy to form a＂small old tree＂,performing low economic,social and ecological benefits.Large amount of money has been input for improving Pinus tabulae formis Carr.plantations from provincial and state level forestry government. Traditional way to improve the plantations by clear cutting the trees of slow growing has not produced significant effect.Due to its well-developed root system and resistance to drought,poor soil and cold, Pinus tabulae formis Carr was grafted onto Pinus koraiensis Sieb..et Zucc.to make use of latter＇s property of fast growing,well developed trunk and high economic value to improve the plantation productivity, which is expected to generate higher benefits.