不同杀虫剂对小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响

Effect of different pesticides on grain yield and grain quality of wheat

采用人工控制蚜虫和人工接种蚜虫的方法,研究阿维菌素、毒死蜱、吡虫啉、乐果4种杀虫剂推荐剂量及3倍、6倍推荐剂量对弱筋小麦扬麦13产量和品质的影响,探寻施用杀虫剂对小麦的毒害效应、减轻虫害的正效应及其相互关系。结果表明:①在无虫处理中,喷施杀虫剂后扬麦13的产量和品质较对照有下降趋势,施药表现出一定毒害作用,尤其在过量(6倍推荐剂量)施药情况下,影响最为显著;在有虫处理中,喷施杀虫剂减轻害虫的为害,使扬麦13的产量和品质指标有显著的提高;②4种供试杀虫剂中,阿维菌素、毒死蜱较吡虫啉、乐果对扬麦13的毒害效应小,增产作用大;③杀虫剂使用减轻虫害的正效应均明显大于其毒害效应,在推荐施用剂量下,后者可忽略不计,但在超剂量用药时毒害效应则显著增加,值得重视。

In order to investigate the poison and positive effects of pesticides on weak-gluten wheat and the relationship between the two effects, the yield and quality of the Yangmai 13 were analyzed after spraying four pesticides, avermectin, chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid and dimethoate, with different times （one, three and six） of recommended dosage of each pesticide under the condition of artificial inoculation of pests. Results showed as follows. ① Spraying pesticides had poison effect on wheat especially under the condition of spraying excess dosage. In no-pests treatments, spraying pesticides resuited in downtrend of the yield and quality of the Yangmai 13, and resulted in high significant decline when spraying six times of recommended dosage of each pesticide. However, in the treatments of inoculating pests, the yield and quality of the Yangmai 13 increased significantly after spraying pesticides. ② Among four pesticides, avermectin and chlorpyrifos, had lower poison effect on the Yangmai 13 but had higher positive effect on yield than imidacloprid and dimethoate. ③ Totally, spraying pesticides had much more positive effect than poison effect. The poison effects could be negligible under recommended dosage, but were noticeable when excess pesticide was sprayed.