不同野生居群石蒜表型变异及物候期差异

Variation in Phenotypic Characteristics and Difference in Phenological Phases of Different Wild Populations of Lycoris radiata

石蒜是我国具有重要药用和园林应用价值的野生植物.以不同居群野生石蒜为材料,通过周年观察、切割繁殖、常规调查研究了其种质资源的基础特性.结果表明,不同野生居群石蒜单个鳞茎叶片数量多数为6片,叶长、叶宽、叶面积和叶绿素总量在18.36～21.56cm、0.50～0.70cm、9.22～12.95cm2和57.68～64.73SPAD之间比例最高.环境气候与表型性状相关性分析发现,热量及降雨量变化制约着叶宽、叶面积和叶片数量的变化,叶绿素总量与日照时数略微相关.方差分析发现,叶片数量呈显著水平差异(P<0.05),而叶长、叶宽、叶面积和叶绿素总量均表现出极显著水平差异(P<0.01).来自亚热带南部的居群物候期明显早于来自中北部的居群,南部居群的繁殖系数、子鳞茎质量也均优于中北部居群,所有居群繁殖系数均值为5.81,子鳞茎质量均值为1.64g.不同居群石蒜的子鳞茎5个生物学性状相比,根系数量差异最大(3.42～7.98根),其次是高度差异(1.27～2.01cm),再次是质量差异(1.33～1.94g),最后是直径差异(1.03～1.23cm).

Lycoris radiata,a wild plant,is,an important medicinal and ornamental plant in China.By annual observation,vegetative propagation and routine survey,the wild population and germplasm characters of L.radiata were studied,and the results indicated that the leaf blades of a bulb were mostly six,leaf length varied from 18.36 to 21.56 cm,leaf width from 0.50 to 0.70 cm,leaf area from 9.22 to 12.95 cm2,and chlorophyll content from 7.68 to 64.73 SPAD.The analysis of the relationship between environment climate factors and phenotypic characteristics showed that the leaf width,leaf area and leaf number were controlled by heat quantity and rainfall,and chlorophyll content had small relation with sunshine hours.Through the variance analysis the leaf numbers were found signifi cantly difference at level P0.05,and the leaf length,leaf width,leaf area and chlorophyll content at level P0.01.The phenological phases of the wild populations from the south part of subtropical zone were earlier than those from the north and central parts.The vegetative propagation coeffi cient and young bulb mass of the populations from the south subtropical zone were better than those from the north and central parts.The average vegetative propagation coeffi cient of the populations was 5.08 and the young bulb mass 1.64 g.The comparison of the fi ve biological characters of the young bulbs from different wild populations revealed that the root number varied from 3.42 to 7.98,bulb height from 1.27 to 2.01 cm,bulb mass from 1.33 to 1.94 g,and bulb diameter from 1.03 to 1.23 cm.