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中国北方云量的四季分布与降水 被引量:21

Four-season distribution of cloud and its correlation with precipitation in northern China
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摘要 利用中国35°N以北地区1960-2005年333个站逐日地面观测总云量、低云量、降水量资料,并依据相关文献进行区划,系统研究了中国北方地区46年云和降水的时空分布特征,讨论了总云量、低云量、降水的相互关系.结果表明:中国35°N以北地区总云量、低云量分布形势与地形吻合较好,沿北方高大山脉有明显的云量高值区.总云量、低云量的季节分布特点显著:春夏两季东西部呈反相分布,秋冬季全区总云量、低云量分布稀少,但冬季在新疆天山以北有明显云量大值区.中国北方地区总云量、低云量与降水呈正相关关系,春季相关性最好,秋冬季次之,夏季最弱,但平原地区夏季的总云量、低云量与降水相关性尤为显著,山区则相反.逐区统计分析各区雨日数及各雨量级的总云量、低云量,发现北方各区在相同量级的降雨日,总云量、低云量差异不大. Based on daily data about the amount of cloud and the precipitation by 333 observational stations in northern China(north of 35°N) during 1960 to 2005,we divided northern China into six regions according to the related research literature.The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the cloud amount and precipitation were systematically investigated and the correlations between the amount of total cloud and low cloud and the precipitation were also discussed.The result shows a distinctive characteristic,i.e. the distribution of the amount of cloud demonstrates a high value along the mountains in northern China. The seasonal distribution of the cloud amount displays opposite characteristics between spring and summer; cloud is sparse in autumn and winter but a distinctively high value is exhibited north of Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang.There is a positive correlation between the precipitation and the total cloud amount and low cloud amount in northern China;the correlation coefficient is the largest in spring,the smallest in summer and it is bigger in autumn than in winter.The correlation between the cloud amount and precipitation in summer is obvious in the plains,but it is contrary in the mountainous areas.The number of rainy days and the cloud amount on the different rain levels do not present much difference.But the rainy days in the northwest are much fewer than that in eastern China.Therefore the northwest is the driest region.
出处 《兰州大学学报(自然科学版)》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2010年第3期32-40,共9页 Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences)
基金 国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAC29B03 2009BAC53B02) 国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2006CB400501)
关键词 云量 降水量 相关 雨日数 cloud amount precipitation correlation rainy days
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