北京野鸭湖湿地自然保护区迁徙水鸟调查

Migratory Waterbirds in Yeyahu Wetland Nature Reserve of Beijing

于2004～2009年,对北京市野鸭湖湿地自然保护区的水鸟进行调查。共记录到水鸟114种,隶属于8目18科。其中,旅鸟104种,占91.23%;夏候鸟32种,占28.07%;冬候鸟2种,占1.75%;留鸟1种,占0.88%。国家I级重点保护鸟类有4种,包括黑鹳(Ciconia nigra)、东方白鹳(Ciconia boyciana)、白头鹤(Grus monacha)和遗鸥(Larus relictus);Ⅱ级保护鸟类有灰鹤(Grus grus)、大天鹅(Cygnus cygnus)、卷羽鹈鹕(Pelecanus crispus)、鸳鸯(Aixgalericulata)、赤颈鸊鷉(Podiceps grisegena)等12种。对水鸟数量和多样性的分析结果表明,该地区水鸟的季节变化较为明显,春秋两季水鸟的数量和种类较多,旅鸟占较大的比例,说明野鸭湖湿地是候鸟南北迁移的主要通道,是珍稀水禽的重要停歇地,在鸟类的迁徙过程中具有重要的作用。

Yeyahu wetland is the most important wetland of Beijing,in which waterbirds are various.It＇s also a tranfer site for birds＇ migration.According to the survey data from 2004 to 2009,114 species of waterbirds belonging to 8 families and 18 orders were recorded in Yeyahu Wetland Nature Reserve of Beijing.Among them 4 species viewed as the national first-grade protected birds were recorded,including Black Stork（Cicon ia nigra）,Oriental White Stork（Ciconia boyciana）,Hooded Crane（Grus monacha）,Relie Gull（Larus relictus） and 12 of the recorded species are the national second-grade protected wildlife,including Common Crane（Grus grus）,Whooper Swan（Cygnus cygnus）,Dalmatian Pelican（Pelecanus crispus）,Mandarin Duck（Aix galericulata）,Red-necked Grebe（Podiceps grisegena）,etc.Furthermore 104 species（91.23%） are migrants,32（28.07%） species are summer visitors,2 species（1.75%） are winter visitors,and 1 specie（0.88%） is resident,respectively.It shows that the Yeyahu wetland takes an important rule in waterfowls＇ migration,and that species composition of waterbirds in Beijing is seasonal.The numbers of shorebirds counted were highest in autumn and then in spring,winter and summer consequently.The diversity indice of the waterbirds is higher in early May（2.73） and in the last of July（2.87）,and lower in January.The diversity index of the bird community is mainly influenced by the amount of bird species and by the evenness of population number among the species.