解读马克思机器观的逻辑进程——从《哲学的贫困》到《资本论》的文本分析

The Logical Process of Marx Machine——the text analysis from the Poverty of Philosophy to Capital

《哲学的贫困》中蒲鲁东以"唯心主义的系列辩证法"为指导阐述了他的机器思想:一是机器是如何产生的,二是机器的好的方面和坏的方面。马克思以历史唯物主义的观点批判了蒲鲁东,科学地论述了机器的产生及其与分工的关系,但对蒲鲁东揭示的机器的坏的方面则是默认的。到创作《资本论》时期,马克思提出了应将机器和机器的资本主义应用相区分的思想,从而解开为何在《贫困的哲学》中对蒲鲁东揭示的机器的坏的方面保持默认态度这一疑团。马克思的这一思想对当今国际学术界也产生了深刻的影响。

In The Poverty of Philosophy Proudhon presented his idea with series of dialectics of idealism for guidance：one is how the machine generates;the other is the good and bad aspects of the machine.Marx used the view of historical materialism to criticize j.proudhon,and disussed how the machine generates and its relation with the division of labour.But he accepted the bad aspects of the machine.In Capital,Marx came up with that we must distinguish the machine and machine application capitalist,so as to decipher in the poverty of philosophy why j.proudhon keep defaulted on the bad aspects of the machine.The thought of Marx also produced profound effects on the current international academics.