宪政维度下诽谤罪之检视

Scan the Libel under the Constitutional Dimensions

作为对言论自由限制的诽谤罪,存在着滥诉的状况。要解决这一问题,就必须在宪政维度下对其进行考察。首先可以肯定诽谤罪并不违宪。但在立法、司法之时必须考量言论自由的重大价值。若有确实的依据,即使是不真实的言论也应该予以保护。就公民因涉嫌诽谤而被捕或被判刑的案件来讲,只有在诽谤导致官员有承担法律责任之虞的情况下,官员的名誉权始受保护。"严重危害社会秩序和国家利益"并非诽谤罪所保护的法益,其规定有悖罪刑法定原则。"严重危害社会秩序"应限定为"引起了被害人自杀身亡或者精神失常等后果,被害人丧失自诉能力";"严重危害国家利益"应限定为"党和国家领导人因为被诽谤而出现严重病情或死亡,以致无法履行职能,并因此致使国家利益受损"。

As the restrictions on free speech,there exists a lawsuit abuse in the process of the lawsuit for libel.To solve this problem,libel must be examined In a on stitutional dimensions.First certainly,libel is unconstitutional.But the great value of freedom must be considered in legislative and judicial.That is to say,if you are really basis,no real speech should be protected,even though it is not true of speech.Officials of the reputation Begin to be protected,only the libel causes that officials are liable to concern.Serious harm the interests of the state and social order,which is not the law protection for libel,and the existing regulations against principle of legality.Serious harm the social order is limited to causing the victim suicide or mental disorders,the victim of a loss.＂Serious harm to the interests of the state＂ is limited to party and state leaders appear serious illness or death,and they are unable to perform the functions,and thus causes damage to the interests of the state for libel.