2008年中国手足口病流行特征分析

Epidemiology of hand foot and mouth disease in China,2008

目的分析2008年全国手足口病的流行特征,以了解流行现状,探讨流行规律,为制定有效的防控策略提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对国家疾病监测信息报告管理系统中报告的2008年全国手足口病疫情资料进行统计分析。结果2008年全国31个省(市)共报告手足口病488 955例,其中重症1165例,死亡126例,报告发病率为37.01/10万,病死率为0.03%。5-7月共报告病例345 159例,占全年报告病例数的70.59%。报告病例中≤5岁儿童占91.27%,其中≤3岁儿童占71.78%。重症病例和死亡病例中≤3岁儿童分别占89.53%和97.62%,年龄中位数分别为2.09岁和1.49岁。全国共报告实验室检测病例8639例,其中肠道病毒71型(EV71)、柯萨奇病毒A组16型(CVA16)和其他肠道病毒核酸阳性分别占54.01%、14.77%和31.22%。重症病例和死亡病例中EV71核酸阳性的比例分别为81.59%和91.29%。结论中国2008年手足口病疫情呈现病例地区分布广,局部地区出现暴发或流行的形势。发病高峰为5-7月,报告病例以≤5岁儿童为主,重症病例和死亡病例以≤3岁儿童为主。报告病例的病原构成主要为EV71,重症病例和死亡病例均以EV71为主。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand foot and month disease（HFMD） in China in 2008 and provide evidence for the development of effective prevention and control measures.Methods The descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the data of the epidemic obtained from national disease reporting information system.Results A total of 488 955 HFMD cases were reported in mainland of China in 2008,including 1165 severe cases and 126 deaths.The reported morbidity was 37.01/lakh and the case fatality was 0.03%.There were 345 159 cases reported during May to July,accounted for 70.59% of the total.The children under 5 years old accounted for 91.27% of the total reported cases,of which the children aged ≤3 years accounted for 71.78%.Of the severe and the death cases,the children aged ≤3 years accounted for 89.53% and 97.62% respectively,the median ages were 2.09 and 1.49 years old respectively.A total of 8639 laboratory confirmed cases were reported,of which the cases caused by enterovirus 71（EV71） accounted for 54.01%,by Coxsackie virus A 16（CVA16） accounted for 14.77% and by other enteric viruses accounted for 31.22%.Among the severe and the death cases,the positive rates of EV71 were 81.59% and 91.29% respectively.Conclusion HFMD occurred widely with local outbreaks or epidemics in China in 2008.The incidence peak was observed during May-July.Most reported cases were the children less than 5 years old and most severe and death cases were the children less than 3 years old.The majority of reported cases were caused by EV71,and most severe and death cases were caused by EV71 too.