上海市部分二级、三级医院产科母乳喂养的现状

Current Situation of Breastfeeding in Obstetrical Department of Secondary and Tertiary Hospital in Shanghai

目的了解上海市部分二级、三级医院产科母乳喂养的现状。方法采用方便抽样法选取2009年10月至2010年2月上海市14所二级、三级专科及综合性医院产科的214名产妇,自行设计调查问卷,调查14所二级、三级医院产科母乳喂养的总体情况,并对二级与三级医院产科的母乳喂养情况进行比较。结果二级、三级医院产科母乳喂养落实情况均存在不足,纯母乳喂养率较低,仅为24.8%,且二级与三级医院产科的母乳喂养情况经比较各有优劣,产后早接触、早吸吮、开奶前不予喂食、产妇母乳喂养技巧的掌握以及未以奶瓶喂养等方面,二级医院产科优于三级医院产科(P<0.05);而自备代乳品的现象,二级医院产科却多于三级医院产科(P<0.05);同时发现,二级医院产科的产妇孕期即决定母乳喂养的人数多于三级医院产科(P<0.05);产妇孕期是否接受健康教育方面,二级与三级医院产科经比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论各级医院应加强母乳喂养的健康教育,落实产后母婴同室、早接触、早吸吮、建立奶库、开奶前不喂食等各项措施,提高纯母乳喂养率。

Objective To comprehend the current situation of breastfeeding in secondary and tertiary hospitals in Shanghai.Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the general situation of breastfeeding in fourteen secondary and tertiary hospitals in Shanghai with the relevant comparison of breastfeeding situations.Results Breastfeeding implementation in secondary and tertiary hospitals was found with deficiencies and low exclusive breastfeeding rate （24.8%）,which varied in the obstetrical department of secondary and tertiary hospitals according to the relevant comparison of breastfeeding situation.The mastering situations of early post-natal contact,early suck,avoidance of oral administration before breastfeeding,breastfeeding skill of parturients and feeding without milk bottle were much better in secondary hospitals than in tertiary hospitals（P0.05）.Self-prepared milk substitutes were more common in secondary hospitals than in tertiary hospitals（P0.05）.Meanwhile,there were significantly more parturients who chose to breastfeeding in pregnancy in secondary hospitals than in tertiary hospitals（P0.05）.However,no significant difference was observed on whether to accept health education in pregnancy for the parturients between secondary and tertiary hospitals（P0.05）.Conclusion To increase exclusive breastfeeding rate,a series of countermeasures should be strengthened in hospital at all levels concering health education on breastfeeding,implementation of direct rooming-in,early contact and suck,establishment of milk bank and avoidance of feeding before milk.