《庄子·齐物论》对“分”的拒斥

An Animadversion on Differentiation in Zhuang Tzu's "Qi Wu Lun"

《齐物论》提出了《庄子》全书的理论宗旨,即万物虽然作为个体各有特殊性,但在道的高度上他们没有轻重、先后、优劣之分,并在道中相统一。与"齐物"相反的状态就是"分",在现实中表现为是非之辨与善恶之别。庄子认为"分"是世间一切混乱的根源,因为"分"意味着局限性、确定性,而这种暂时的以不确定的标准确立的分别,是违背最终的道的。这种拒斥"分"的思想在今天看来也很有意义。

＂Qi Wu Lun＂ is the theoretical aim of ＂Zhuang Tzu＂,i.e.all things on earth despite their different properties are identical from the point of Tao,without differentiation in being weigh or light,in being early or late,in being good or bad,and they are unified in Tao.The state opposite ＂Qi Wu＂ is ＂Fen＂ or division,which assumes in reality the difference of being right or wrong,being good or evil.Zhuang Tzu believes that ＂Fen＂ is the origin of chaos in the world,because ＂Fen＂ means limitations and definiteness,while the temporary differentiation established by uncertain criteria is violation of final Tao.This thinking of rejection of ＂Fen＂ is still meaningful today.